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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>31. Importing Modules — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/classic.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/language_data.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="31.1. imp — Access the import internals" href="imp.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="30.2. Bastion — Restricting access to objects" href="bastion.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="file:///usr/share/doc/python2.7/html/library/modules.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div id="outdated-warning" style="padding: .5em; text-align: center; background-color: #FFBABA; color: #6A0E0E;"> This document is for an old version of Python that is <a href="https://devguide.python.org/devcycle/#end-of-life-branches">no longer supported</a>. You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/library/modules.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="imp.html" title="31.1. imp — Access the import internals" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="bastion.html" title="30.2. Bastion — Restricting access to objects" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="importing-modules"> <span id="modules"></span><h1>31. Importing Modules<a class="headerlink" href="#importing-modules" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>The modules described in this chapter provide new ways to import other Python modules and hooks for customizing the import process.</p> <p>The full list of modules described in this chapter is:</p> <div class="toctree-wrapper compound"> <ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="imp.html">31.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">imp</span></code> — Access the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span></code> internals</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="imp.html#examples">31.1.1. Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="importlib.html">31.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib</span></code> — Convenience wrappers for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__import__()</span></code></a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="imputil.html">31.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">imputil</span></code> — Import utilities</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="imputil.html#examples">31.3.1. Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="zipimport.html">31.4. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipimport</span></code> — Import modules from Zip archives</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="zipimport.html#zipimporter-objects">31.4.1. zipimporter Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="zipimport.html#examples">31.4.2. Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pkgutil.html">31.5. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkgutil</span></code> — Package extension utility</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="modulefinder.html">31.6. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">modulefinder</span></code> — Find modules used by a script</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="modulefinder.html#example-usage-of-modulefinder">31.6.1. Example usage of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ModuleFinder</span></code></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="runpy.html">31.7. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runpy</span></code> — Locating and executing Python modules</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="bastion.html" title="previous chapter">30.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Bastion</span></code> — Restricting access to objects</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="imp.html" title="next chapter">31.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">imp</span></code> — Access the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span></code> internals</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/library/modules.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="imp.html" title="31.1. imp — Access the import internals" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="bastion.html" title="30.2. 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