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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>19.1. HTMLParser — Simple HTML and XHTML parser — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/classic.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/language_data.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="19.2. sgmllib — Simple SGML parser" href="sgmllib.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="19. 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You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/library/htmlparser.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="sgmllib.html" title="19.2. sgmllib — Simple SGML parser" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="markup.html" title="19. Structured Markup Processing Tools" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="markup.html" accesskey="U">19. Structured Markup Processing Tools</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-HTMLParser"> <span id="htmlparser-simple-html-and-xhtml-parser"></span><h1>19.1. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-HTMLParser" title="HTMLParser: A simple parser that can handle HTML and XHTML."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> — Simple HTML and XHTML parser<a class="headerlink" href="#module-HTMLParser" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-HTMLParser" title="HTMLParser: A simple parser that can handle HTML and XHTML."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> module has been renamed to <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">html.parser</span></code> in Python 3. The <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-2to3"><span class="xref std std-term">2to3</span></a> tool will automatically adapt imports when converting your sources to Python 3.</p> </div> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.</span></p> </div> <p id="index-0"><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/2.7/Lib/HTMLParser.py">Lib/HTMLParser.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>This module defines a class <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> which serves as the basis for parsing text files formatted in HTML (HyperText Mark-up Language) and XHTML. Unlike the parser in <a class="reference internal" href="htmllib.html#module-htmllib" title="htmllib: A parser for HTML documents. (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">htmllib</span></code></a>, this parser is not based on the SGML parser in <a class="reference internal" href="sgmllib.html#module-sgmllib" title="sgmllib: Only as much of an SGML parser as needed to parse HTML. (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sgmllib</span></code></a>.</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">HTMLParser</code><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>An <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> instance is fed HTML data and calls handler methods when start tags, end tags, text, comments, and other markup elements are encountered. The user should subclass <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> and override its methods to implement the desired behavior.</p> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> class is instantiated without arguments.</p> <p>Unlike the parser in <a class="reference internal" href="htmllib.html#module-htmllib" title="htmllib: A parser for HTML documents. (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">htmllib</span></code></a>, this parser does not check that end tags match start tags or call the end-tag handler for elements which are closed implicitly by closing an outer element.</p> </dd></dl> <p>An exception is defined as well:</p> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParseError"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">HTMLParseError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParseError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> is able to handle broken markup, but in some cases it might raise this exception when it encounters an error while parsing. This exception provides three attributes: <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">msg</span></code> is a brief message explaining the error, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lineno</span></code> is the number of the line on which the broken construct was detected, and <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">offset</span></code> is the number of characters into the line at which the construct starts.</p> </dd></dl> <div class="section" id="example-html-parser-application"> <h2>19.1.1. Example HTML Parser Application<a class="headerlink" href="#example-html-parser-application" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>As a basic example, below is a simple HTML parser that uses the <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> class to print out start tags, end tags and data as they are encountered:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">HTMLParser</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">HTMLParser</span> <span class="c1"># create a subclass and override the handler methods</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyHTMLParser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HTMLParser</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_starttag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">attrs</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"Encountered a start tag:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_endtag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"Encountered an end tag :"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"Encountered some data :"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="c1"># instantiate the parser and fed it some HTML</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MyHTMLParser</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'<html><head><title>Test</title></head>'</span> <span class="s1">'<body><h1>Parse me!</h1></body></html>'</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>The output will then be:</p> <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Encountered a start tag: html Encountered a start tag: head Encountered a start tag: title Encountered some data : Test Encountered an end tag : title Encountered an end tag : head Encountered a start tag: body Encountered a start tag: h1 Encountered some data : Parse me! Encountered an end tag : h1 Encountered an end tag : body Encountered an end tag : html </pre></div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="htmlparser-methods"> <h2>19.1.2. <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> Methods<a class="headerlink" href="#htmlparser-methods" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p><a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> instances have the following methods:</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.feed"> <code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">feed</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.feed" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Feed some text to the parser. It is processed insofar as it consists of complete elements; incomplete data is buffered until more data is fed or <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.close" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> is called. <em>data</em> can be either <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#unicode" title="unicode"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unicode</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>, but passing <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#unicode" title="unicode"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unicode</span></code></a> is advised.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.close"> <code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Force processing of all buffered data as if it were followed by an end-of-file mark. This method may be redefined by a derived class to define additional processing at the end of the input, but the redefined version should always call the <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> base class method <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.close" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.reset"> <code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">reset</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.reset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Reset the instance. Loses all unprocessed data. This is called implicitly at instantiation time.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.getpos"> <code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">getpos</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.getpos" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return current line number and offset.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.get_starttag_text"> <code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">get_starttag_text</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.get_starttag_text" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the text of the most recently opened start tag. This should not normally be needed for structured processing, but may be useful in dealing with HTML “as deployed” or for re-generating input with minimal changes (whitespace between attributes can be preserved, etc.).</p> </dd></dl> <p>The following methods are called when data or markup elements are encountered and they are meant to be overridden in a subclass. The base class implementations do nothing (except for <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_startendtag" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_startendtag"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">handle_startendtag()</span></code></a>):</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_starttag"> <code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">handle_starttag</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>tag</em>, <em>attrs</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_starttag" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called to handle the start of a tag (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><div</span> <span class="pre">id="main"></span></code>).</p> <p>The <em>tag</em> argument is the name of the tag converted to lower case. The <em>attrs</em> argument is a list of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(name,</span> <span class="pre">value)</span></code> pairs containing the attributes found inside the tag’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><></span></code> brackets. The <em>name</em> will be translated to lower case, and quotes in the <em>value</em> have been removed, and character and entity references have been replaced.</p> <p>For instance, for the tag <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><A</span> <span class="pre">HREF="https://www.cwi.nl/"></span></code>, this method would be called as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">handle_starttag('a',</span> <span class="pre">[('href',</span> <span class="pre">'https://www.cwi.nl/')])</span></code>.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.6: </span>All entity references from <a class="reference internal" href="htmllib.html#module-htmlentitydefs" title="htmlentitydefs: Definitions of HTML general entities."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">htmlentitydefs</span></code></a> are now replaced in the attribute values.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_endtag"> <code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">handle_endtag</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>tag</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_endtag" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called to handle the end tag of an element (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"></div></span></code>).</p> <p>The <em>tag</em> argument is the name of the tag converted to lower case.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_startendtag"> <code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">handle_startendtag</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>tag</em>, <em>attrs</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_startendtag" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_starttag" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_starttag"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">handle_starttag()</span></code></a>, but called when the parser encounters an XHTML-style empty tag (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><img</span> <span class="pre">...</span> <span class="pre">/></span></code>). This method may be overridden by subclasses which require this particular lexical information; the default implementation simply calls <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_starttag" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_starttag"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">handle_starttag()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_endtag" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_endtag"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">handle_endtag()</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_data"> <code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">handle_data</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_data" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called to process arbitrary data (e.g. text nodes and the content of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><script>...</script></span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><style>...</style></span></code>).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_entityref"> <code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">handle_entityref</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_entityref" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called to process a named character reference of the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&name;</span></code> (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&gt;</span></code>), where <em>name</em> is a general entity reference (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'gt'</span></code>).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_charref"> <code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">handle_charref</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_charref" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called to process decimal and hexadecimal numeric character references of the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#NNN;</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#xNNN;</span></code>. For example, the decimal equivalent for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&gt;</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#62;</span></code>, whereas the hexadecimal is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#x3E;</span></code>; in this case the method will receive <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'62'</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'x3E'</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_comment"> <code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">handle_comment</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_comment" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called when a comment is encountered (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><!--comment--></span></code>).</p> <p>For example, the comment <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><!--</span> <span class="pre">comment</span> <span class="pre">--></span></code> will cause this method to be called with the argument <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'</span> <span class="pre">comment</span> <span class="pre">'</span></code>.</p> <p>The content of Internet Explorer conditional comments (condcoms) will also be sent to this method, so, for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><!--[if</span> <span class="pre">IE</span> <span class="pre">9]>IE9-specific</span> <span class="pre">content<![endif]--></span></code>, this method will receive <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'[if</span> <span class="pre">IE</span> <span class="pre">9]>IE9-specific</span> <span class="pre">content<![endif]'</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_decl"> <code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">handle_decl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>decl</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_decl" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called to handle an HTML doctype declaration (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><!DOCTYPE</span> <span class="pre">html></span></code>).</p> <p>The <em>decl</em> parameter will be the entire contents of the declaration inside the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><!...></span></code> markup (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'DOCTYPE</span> <span class="pre">html'</span></code>).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_pi"> <code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">handle_pi</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_pi" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called when a processing instruction is encountered. The <em>data</em> parameter will contain the entire processing instruction. For example, for the processing instruction <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><?proc</span> <span class="pre">color='red'></span></code>, this method would be called as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">handle_pi("proc</span> <span class="pre">color='red'")</span></code>.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code></a> class uses the SGML syntactic rules for processing instructions. An XHTML processing instruction using the trailing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'?'</span></code> will cause the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'?'</span></code> to be included in <em>data</em>.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.unknown_decl"> <code class="descclassname">HTMLParser.</code><code class="descname">unknown_decl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.unknown_decl" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called when an unrecognized declaration is read by the parser.</p> <p>The <em>data</em> parameter will be the entire contents of the declaration inside the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><![...]></span></code> markup. It is sometimes useful to be overridden by a derived class.</p> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="examples"> <span id="htmlparser-examples"></span><h2>19.1.3. Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The following class implements a parser that will be used to illustrate more examples:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">HTMLParser</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">HTMLParser</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">htmlentitydefs</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">name2codepoint</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyHTMLParser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HTMLParser</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_starttag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">attrs</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"Start tag:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">attr</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">attrs</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">" attr:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">attr</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_endtag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"End tag :"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tag</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"Data :"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"Comment :"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_entityref</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">unichr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name2codepoint</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"Named ent:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_charref</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'x'</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">unichr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:],</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">unichr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"Num ent :"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_decl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"Decl :"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MyHTMLParser</span><span class="p">()</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Parsing a doctype:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" '</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s1">'"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">Decl : DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Parsing an element with a few attributes and a title:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'<img src="python-logo.png" alt="The Python logo">'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">Start tag: img</span> <span class="go"> attr: ('src', 'python-logo.png')</span> <span class="go"> attr: ('alt', 'The Python logo')</span> <span class="go">>>></span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'<h1>Python</h1>'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">Start tag: h1</span> <span class="go">Data : Python</span> <span class="go">End tag : h1</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>The content of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">script</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">style</span></code> elements is returned as is, without further parsing:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'<style type="text/css">#python { color: green }</style>'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">Start tag: style</span> <span class="go"> attr: ('type', 'text/css')</span> <span class="go">Data : #python { color: green }</span> <span class="go">End tag : style</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'<script type="text/javascript">'</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s1">'alert("<strong>hello!</strong>");</script>'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">Start tag: script</span> <span class="go"> attr: ('type', 'text/javascript')</span> <span class="go">Data : alert("<strong>hello!</strong>");</span> <span class="go">End tag : script</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Parsing comments:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'<!-- a comment -->'</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s1">'<!--[if IE 9]>IE-specific content<![endif]-->'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">Comment : a comment</span> <span class="go">Comment : [if IE 9]>IE-specific content<![endif]</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Parsing named and numeric character references and converting them to the correct char (note: these 3 references are all equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'>'</span></code>):</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'&gt;&#62;&#x3E;'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">Named ent: ></span> <span class="go">Num ent : ></span> <span class="go">Num ent : ></span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Feeding incomplete chunks to <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.feed" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.feed"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">feed()</span></code></a> works, but <a class="reference internal" href="#HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_data" title="HTMLParser.HTMLParser.handle_data"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">handle_data()</span></code></a> might be called more than once:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">chunk</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'<sp'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'an>buff'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'ered '</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'text</s'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'pan>'</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">chunk</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">...</span> <span class="go">Start tag: span</span> <span class="go">Data : buff</span> <span class="go">Data : ered</span> <span class="go">Data : text</span> <span class="go">End tag : span</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Parsing invalid HTML (e.g. unquoted attributes) also works:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'<p><a class=link href=#main>tag soup</p ></a>'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">Start tag: p</span> <span class="go">Start tag: a</span> <span class="go"> attr: ('class', 'link')</span> <span class="go"> attr: ('href', '#main')</span> <span class="go">Data : tag soup</span> <span class="go">End tag : p</span> <span class="go">End tag : a</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">19.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code> — Simple HTML and XHTML parser</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#example-html-parser-application">19.1.1. Example HTML Parser Application</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#htmlparser-methods">19.1.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code> Methods</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples">19.1.3. Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="markup.html" title="previous chapter">19. 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