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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>7. Examples — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/classic.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/language_data.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="8. Extending Distutils" href="extending.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="6. The Python Package Index (PyPI)" href="packageindex.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="file:///usr/share/doc/python2.7/html/distutils/examples.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div id="outdated-warning" style="padding: .5em; text-align: center; background-color: #FFBABA; color: #6A0E0E;"> This document is for an old version of Python that is <a href="https://devguide.python.org/devcycle/#end-of-life-branches">no longer supported</a>. You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/distutils/examples.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="extending.html" title="8. Extending Distutils" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="packageindex.html" title="6. The Python Package Index (PyPI)" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">Distributing Python Modules (Legacy version)</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="examples"> <span id="id1"></span><h1>7. Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>This chapter provides a number of basic examples to help get started with distutils. Additional information about using distutils can be found in the Distutils Cookbook.</p> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt><a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/Distutils/Cookbook">Distutils Cookbook</a></dt> <dd>Collection of recipes showing how to achieve more control over distutils.</dd> </dl> </div> <div class="section" id="pure-python-distribution-by-module"> <span id="pure-mod"></span><h2>7.1. Pure Python distribution (by module)<a class="headerlink" href="#pure-python-distribution-by-module" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>If you’re just distributing a couple of modules, especially if they don’t live in a particular package, you can specify them individually using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_modules</span></code> option in the setup script.</p> <p>In the simplest case, you’ll have two files to worry about: a setup script and the single module you’re distributing, <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo.py</span></code> in this example:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">>/</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>(In all diagrams in this section, <em><root></em> will refer to the distribution root directory.) A minimal setup script to describe this situation would be:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">distutils.core</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">setup</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'foo'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'1.0'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">py_modules</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'foo'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Note that the name of the distribution is specified independently with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code> option, and there’s no rule that says it has to be the same as the name of the sole module in the distribution (although that’s probably a good convention to follow). However, the distribution name is used to generate filenames, so you should stick to letters, digits, underscores, and hyphens.</p> <p>Since <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_modules</span></code> is a list, you can of course specify multiple modules, eg. if you’re distributing modules <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bar</span></code>, your setup might look like this:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">>/</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>and the setup script might be</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">distutils.core</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">setup</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'1.0'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">py_modules</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'foo'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'bar'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>You can put module source files into another directory, but if you have enough modules to do that, it’s probably easier to specify modules by package rather than listing them individually.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="pure-python-distribution-by-package"> <span id="pure-pkg"></span><h2>7.2. Pure Python distribution (by package)<a class="headerlink" href="#pure-python-distribution-by-package" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>If you have more than a couple of modules to distribute, especially if they are in multiple packages, it’s probably easier to specify whole packages rather than individual modules. This works even if your modules are not in a package; you can just tell the Distutils to process modules from the root package, and that works the same as any other package (except that you don’t have to have an <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__init__.py</span></code> file).</p> <p>The setup script from the last example could also be written as</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">distutils.core</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">setup</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'1.0'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">packages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>(The empty string stands for the root package.)</p> <p>If those two files are moved into a subdirectory, but remain in the root package, e.g.:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">>/</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">src</span><span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>then you would still specify the root package, but you have to tell the Distutils where source files in the root package live:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">distutils.core</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">setup</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'1.0'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">package_dir</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'src'</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">packages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>More typically, though, you will want to distribute multiple modules in the same package (or in sub-packages). For example, if the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bar</span></code> modules belong in package <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foobar</span></code>, one way to layout your source tree is</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">>/</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">foobar</span><span class="o">/</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>This is in fact the default layout expected by the Distutils, and the one that requires the least work to describe in your setup script:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">distutils.core</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">setup</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'1.0'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">packages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>If you want to put modules in directories not named for their package, then you need to use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">package_dir</span></code> option again. For example, if the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">src</span></code> directory holds modules in the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foobar</span></code> package:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">>/</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">src</span><span class="o">/</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>an appropriate setup script would be</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">distutils.core</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">setup</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'1.0'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">package_dir</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'src'</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">packages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Or, you might put modules from your main package right in the distribution root:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">>/</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>in which case your setup script would be</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">distutils.core</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">setup</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'1.0'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">package_dir</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">packages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>(The empty string also stands for the current directory.)</p> <p>If you have sub-packages, they must be explicitly listed in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">packages</span></code>, but any entries in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">package_dir</span></code> automatically extend to sub-packages. (In other words, the Distutils does <em>not</em> scan your source tree, trying to figure out which directories correspond to Python packages by looking for <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__init__.py</span></code> files.) Thus, if the default layout grows a sub-package:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">>/</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">foobar</span><span class="o">/</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">subfoo</span><span class="o">/</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">blah</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>then the corresponding setup script would be</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">distutils.core</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">setup</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'1.0'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">packages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'foobar.subfoo'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="single-extension-module"> <span id="single-ext"></span><h2>7.3. Single extension module<a class="headerlink" href="#single-extension-module" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Extension modules are specified using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ext_modules</span></code> option. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">package_dir</span></code> has no effect on where extension source files are found; it only affects the source for pure Python modules. The simplest case, a single extension module in a single C source file, is:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">>/</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>If the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo</span></code> extension belongs in the root package, the setup script for this could be</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">distutils.core</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">setup</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">distutils.extension</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">Extension</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'1.0'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ext_modules</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Extension</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'foo'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'foo.c'</span><span class="p">])],</span> <span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>If the extension actually belongs in a package, say <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foopkg</span></code>, then</p> <p>With exactly the same source tree layout, this extension can be put in the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foopkg</span></code> package simply by changing the name of the extension:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">distutils.core</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">setup</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">distutils.extension</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">Extension</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'1.0'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ext_modules</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Extension</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'foopkg.foo'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'foo.c'</span><span class="p">])],</span> <span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">7. Examples</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#pure-python-distribution-by-module">7.1. Pure Python distribution (by module)</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#pure-python-distribution-by-package">7.2. Pure Python distribution (by package)</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#single-extension-module">7.3. Single extension module</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="packageindex.html" title="previous chapter">6. The Python Package Index (PyPI)</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="extending.html" title="next chapter">8. 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